//
   //  ========================================================================
   //  Copyright (c) 1995-2015 Mort Bay Consulting Pty. Ltd.
   //  ------------------------------------------------------------------------
   //  All rights reserved. This program and the accompanying materials
   //  are made available under the terms of the Eclipse Public License v1.0
   //  and Apache License v2.0 which accompanies this distribution.
   //
   //      The Eclipse Public License is available at
  //      http://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-v10.html
  //
  //      The Apache License v2.0 is available at
  //      http://www.opensource.org/licenses/apache2.0.php
  //
  //  You may elect to redistribute this code under either of these licenses.
  //  ========================================================================
  //
  
  package org.eclipse.jetty.proxy;
  
  import java.io.IOException;
  import java.net.InetAddress;
  import java.net.URI;
  import java.net.UnknownHostException;
  import java.util.Collections;
  import java.util.Enumeration;
  import java.util.HashSet;
  import java.util.Iterator;
  import java.util.Locale;
  import java.util.Set;
  import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
  import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
  
  import javax.servlet.AsyncContext;
  import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
  import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
  import javax.servlet.ServletException;
  import javax.servlet.UnavailableException;
  import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
  import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
  import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
  
  import org.eclipse.jetty.client.HttpClient;
  import org.eclipse.jetty.client.api.Request;
  import org.eclipse.jetty.client.api.Response;
  import org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpField;
  import org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpHeader;
  import org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpHeaderValue;
  import org.eclipse.jetty.http.HttpStatus;
  import org.eclipse.jetty.util.HttpCookieStore;
  import org.eclipse.jetty.util.log.Log;
  import org.eclipse.jetty.util.log.Logger;
  import org.eclipse.jetty.util.thread.QueuedThreadPool;
  
  /**
   * <p>Abstract base class for proxy servlets.</p>
   * <p>Forwards requests to another server either as a standard web reverse
   * proxy or as a transparent reverse proxy (as defined by RFC 7230).</p>
   * <p>To facilitate JMX monitoring, the {@link HttpClient} instance is set
   * as ServletContext attribute, prefixed with this servlet's name and
   * exposed by the mechanism provided by
   * {@link ServletContext#setAttribute(String, Object)}.</p>
   * <p>The following init parameters may be used to configure the servlet:</p>
   * <ul>
   * <li>preserveHost - the host header specified by the client is forwarded to the server</li>
   * <li>hostHeader - forces the host header to a particular value</li>
   * <li>viaHost - the name to use in the Via header: Via: http/1.1 &lt;viaHost&gt;</li>
   * <li>whiteList - comma-separated list of allowed proxy hosts</li>
   * <li>blackList - comma-separated list of forbidden proxy hosts</li>
   * </ul>
   * <p>In addition, see {@link #createHttpClient()} for init parameters
   * used to configure the {@link HttpClient} instance.</p>
   * <p>NOTE: By default the Host header sent to the server by this proxy
   * servlet is the server's host name. However, this breaks redirects.
   * Set {@code preserveHost} to {@code true} to make redirects working,
   * although this may break server's virtual host selection.</p>
   * <p>The default behavior of not preserving the Host header mimics
   * the default behavior of Apache httpd and Nginx, which both have
   * a way to be configured to preserve the Host header.</p>
   */
  public abstract class AbstractProxyServlet extends HttpServlet
  {
      protected static final Set<String> HOP_HEADERS;
      static
      {
          Set<String> hopHeaders = new HashSet<>();
          hopHeaders.add("connection");
          hopHeaders.add("keep-alive");
          hopHeaders.add("proxy-authorization");
          hopHeaders.add("proxy-authenticate");
          hopHeaders.add("proxy-connection");
          hopHeaders.add("transfer-encoding");
          hopHeaders.add("te");
          hopHeaders.add("trailer");
          hopHeaders.add("upgrade");
          HOP_HEADERS = Collections.unmodifiableSet(hopHeaders);
      }
  
      private final Set<String> _whiteList = new HashSet<>();
     private final Set<String> _blackList = new HashSet<>();
     protected Logger _log;
     private boolean _preserveHost;
     private String _hostHeader;
     private String _viaHost;
     private HttpClient _client;
     private long _timeout;
 
     @Override
     public void init() throws ServletException
     {
         _log = createLogger();
 
         ServletConfig config = getServletConfig();
 
         _preserveHost = Boolean.parseBoolean(config.getInitParameter("preserveHost"));
 
         _hostHeader = config.getInitParameter("hostHeader");
 
         _viaHost = config.getInitParameter("viaHost");
         if (_viaHost == null)
             _viaHost = viaHost();
 
         try
         {
             _client = createHttpClient();
 
             // Put the HttpClient in the context to leverage ContextHandler.MANAGED_ATTRIBUTES
             getServletContext().setAttribute(config.getServletName() + ".HttpClient", _client);
 
             String whiteList = config.getInitParameter("whiteList");
             if (whiteList != null)
                 getWhiteListHosts().addAll(parseList(whiteList));
 
             String blackList = config.getInitParameter("blackList");
             if (blackList != null)
                 getBlackListHosts().addAll(parseList(blackList));
         }
         catch (Exception e)
         {
             throw new ServletException(e);
         }
     }
 
     @Override
     public void destroy()
     {
         try
         {
             _client.stop();
         }
         catch (Exception x)
         {
             if (_log.isDebugEnabled())
                 _log.debug(x);
         }
     }
 
     public String getHostHeader()
     {
         return _hostHeader;
     }
 
     public String getViaHost()
     {
         return _viaHost;
     }
 
     private static String viaHost()
     {
         try
         {
             return InetAddress.getLocalHost().getHostName();
         }
         catch (UnknownHostException x)
         {
             return "localhost";
         }
     }
 
     public long getTimeout()
     {
         return _timeout;
     }
 
     public void setTimeout(long timeout)
     {
         this._timeout = timeout;
     }
 
     public Set<String> getWhiteListHosts()
     {
         return _whiteList;
     }
 
     public Set<String> getBlackListHosts()
     {
         return _blackList;
     }
 
     /**
      * @return a logger instance with a name derived from this servlet's name.
      */
     protected Logger createLogger()
     {
         String servletName = getServletConfig().getServletName();
         servletName = servletName.replace('-', '.');
         if ((getClass().getPackage() != null) && !servletName.startsWith(getClass().getPackage().getName()))
         {
             servletName = getClass().getName() + "." + servletName;
         }
         return Log.getLogger(servletName);
     }
 
     /**
      * <p>Creates a {@link HttpClient} instance, configured with init parameters of this servlet.</p>
      * <p>The init parameters used to configure the {@link HttpClient} instance are:</p>
      * <table>
      * <thead>
      * <tr>
      * <th>init-param</th>
      * <th>default</th>
      * <th>description</th>
      * </tr>
      * </thead>
      * <tbody>
      * <tr>
      * <td>maxThreads</td>
      * <td>256</td>
      * <td>The max number of threads of HttpClient's Executor.  If not set, or set to the value of "-", then the
      * Jetty server thread pool will be used.</td>
      * </tr>
      * <tr>
      * <td>maxConnections</td>
      * <td>32768</td>
      * <td>The max number of connections per destination, see {@link HttpClient#setMaxConnectionsPerDestination(int)}</td>
      * </tr>
      * <tr>
      * <td>idleTimeout</td>
      * <td>30000</td>
      * <td>The idle timeout in milliseconds, see {@link HttpClient#setIdleTimeout(long)}</td>
      * </tr>
      * <tr>
      * <td>timeout</td>
      * <td>60000</td>
      * <td>The total timeout in milliseconds, see {@link Request#timeout(long, java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit)}</td>
      * </tr>
      * <tr>
      * <td>requestBufferSize</td>
      * <td>HttpClient's default</td>
      * <td>The request buffer size, see {@link HttpClient#setRequestBufferSize(int)}</td>
      * </tr>
      * <tr>
      * <td>responseBufferSize</td>
      * <td>HttpClient's default</td>
      * <td>The response buffer size, see {@link HttpClient#setResponseBufferSize(int)}</td>
      * </tr>
      * </tbody>
      * </table>
      *
      * @return a {@link HttpClient} configured from the {@link #getServletConfig() servlet configuration}
      * @throws ServletException if the {@link HttpClient} cannot be created
      */
     protected HttpClient createHttpClient() throws ServletException
     {
         ServletConfig config = getServletConfig();
 
         HttpClient client = newHttpClient();
 
         // Redirects must be proxied as is, not followed.
         client.setFollowRedirects(false);
 
         // Must not store cookies, otherwise cookies of different clients will mix.
         client.setCookieStore(new HttpCookieStore.Empty());
 
         Executor executor;
         String value = config.getInitParameter("maxThreads");
         if (value == null || "-".equals(value))
         {
             executor = (Executor)getServletContext().getAttribute("org.eclipse.jetty.server.Executor");
             if (executor==null)
                 throw new IllegalStateException("No server executor for proxy");
         }
         else
         {
             QueuedThreadPool qtp= new QueuedThreadPool(Integer.parseInt(value));
             String servletName = config.getServletName();
             int dot = servletName.lastIndexOf('.');
             if (dot >= 0)
                 servletName = servletName.substring(dot + 1);
             qtp.setName(servletName);
             executor=qtp;
         }
 
         client.setExecutor(executor);
 
         value = config.getInitParameter("maxConnections");
         if (value == null)
             value = "256";
         client.setMaxConnectionsPerDestination(Integer.parseInt(value));
 
         value = config.getInitParameter("idleTimeout");
         if (value == null)
             value = "30000";
         client.setIdleTimeout(Long.parseLong(value));
 
         value = config.getInitParameter("timeout");
         if (value == null)
             value = "60000";
         _timeout = Long.parseLong(value);
 
         value = config.getInitParameter("requestBufferSize");
         if (value != null)
             client.setRequestBufferSize(Integer.parseInt(value));
 
         value = config.getInitParameter("responseBufferSize");
         if (value != null)
             client.setResponseBufferSize(Integer.parseInt(value));
 
         try
         {
             client.start();
 
             // Content must not be decoded, otherwise the client gets confused.
             client.getContentDecoderFactories().clear();
 
             // No protocol handlers, pass everything to the client.
             client.getProtocolHandlers().clear();
 
             return client;
         }
         catch (Exception x)
         {
             throw new ServletException(x);
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * @return a new HttpClient instance
      */
     protected HttpClient newHttpClient()
     {
         return new HttpClient();
     }
 
     protected HttpClient getHttpClient()
     {
         return _client;
     }
 
     private Set<String> parseList(String list)
     {
         Set<String> result = new HashSet<>();
         String[] hosts = list.split(",");
         for (String host : hosts)
         {
             host = host.trim();
             if (host.length() == 0)
                 continue;
             result.add(host);
         }
         return result;
     }
 
     /**
      * Checks the given {@code host} and {@code port} against whitelist and blacklist.
      *
      * @param host the host to check
      * @param port the port to check
      * @return true if it is allowed to be proxy to the given host and port
      */
     public boolean validateDestination(String host, int port)
     {
         String hostPort = host + ":" + port;
         if (!_whiteList.isEmpty())
         {
             if (!_whiteList.contains(hostPort))
             {
                 if (_log.isDebugEnabled())
                     _log.debug("Host {}:{} not whitelisted", host, port);
                 return false;
             }
         }
         if (!_blackList.isEmpty())
         {
             if (_blackList.contains(hostPort))
             {
                 if (_log.isDebugEnabled())
                     _log.debug("Host {}:{} blacklisted", host, port);
                 return false;
             }
         }
         return true;
     }
 
     protected String rewriteTarget(HttpServletRequest clientRequest)
     {
         if (!validateDestination(clientRequest.getServerName(), clientRequest.getServerPort()))
             return null;
 
         StringBuffer target = clientRequest.getRequestURL();
         String query = clientRequest.getQueryString();
         if (query != null)
             target.append("?").append(query);
         return target.toString();
     }
 
     /**
      * <p>Callback method invoked when the URI rewrite performed
      * in {@link #rewriteTarget(HttpServletRequest)} returns null
      * indicating that no rewrite can be performed.</p>
      * <p>It is possible to use blocking API in this method,
      * like {@link HttpServletResponse#sendError(int)}.</p>
      *
      * @param clientRequest the client request
      * @param clientResponse the client response
      */
     protected void onProxyRewriteFailed(HttpServletRequest clientRequest, HttpServletResponse clientResponse)
     {
         clientResponse.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_FORBIDDEN);
     }
 
     protected boolean hasContent(HttpServletRequest clientRequest)
     {
         return clientRequest.getContentLength() > 0 ||
                 clientRequest.getContentType() != null ||
                 clientRequest.getHeader(HttpHeader.TRANSFER_ENCODING.asString()) != null;
     }
 
     protected void copyRequestHeaders(HttpServletRequest clientRequest, Request proxyRequest)
     {
         // First clear possibly existing headers, as we are going to copy those from the client request.
         proxyRequest.getHeaders().clear();
 
         Set<String> headersToRemove = findConnectionHeaders(clientRequest);
 
         for (Enumeration<String> headerNames = clientRequest.getHeaderNames(); headerNames.hasMoreElements();)
         {
             String headerName = headerNames.nextElement();
             String lowerHeaderName = headerName.toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH);
 
             if (HttpHeader.HOST.is(headerName) && !_preserveHost)
                 continue;
 
             // Remove hop-by-hop headers.
             if (HOP_HEADERS.contains(lowerHeaderName))
                 continue;
             if (headersToRemove != null && headersToRemove.contains(lowerHeaderName))
                 continue;
 
             for (Enumeration<String> headerValues = clientRequest.getHeaders(headerName); headerValues.hasMoreElements();)
             {
                 String headerValue = headerValues.nextElement();
                 if (headerValue != null)
                     proxyRequest.header(headerName, headerValue);
             }
         }
 
         // Force the Host header if configured
         if (_hostHeader != null)
             proxyRequest.header(HttpHeader.HOST, _hostHeader);
     }
 
     protected Set<String> findConnectionHeaders(HttpServletRequest clientRequest)
     {
         // Any header listed by the Connection header must be removed:
         // http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7230#section-6.1.
         Set<String> hopHeaders = null;
         Enumeration<String> connectionHeaders = clientRequest.getHeaders(HttpHeader.CONNECTION.asString());
         while (connectionHeaders.hasMoreElements())
         {
             String value = connectionHeaders.nextElement();
             String[] values = value.split(",");
             for (String name : values)
             {
                 name = name.trim().toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH);
                 if (hopHeaders == null)
                     hopHeaders = new HashSet<>();
                 hopHeaders.add(name);
             }
         }
         return hopHeaders;
     }
 
     protected void addProxyHeaders(HttpServletRequest clientRequest, Request proxyRequest)
     {
         addViaHeader(proxyRequest);
         addXForwardedHeaders(clientRequest, proxyRequest);
     }
 
     protected void addViaHeader(Request proxyRequest)
     {
         proxyRequest.header(HttpHeader.VIA, "http/1.1 " + getViaHost());
     }
 
     protected void addXForwardedHeaders(HttpServletRequest clientRequest, Request proxyRequest)
     {
         proxyRequest.header(HttpHeader.X_FORWARDED_FOR, clientRequest.getRemoteAddr());
         proxyRequest.header(HttpHeader.X_FORWARDED_PROTO, clientRequest.getScheme());
         proxyRequest.header(HttpHeader.X_FORWARDED_HOST, clientRequest.getHeader(HttpHeader.HOST.asString()));
         proxyRequest.header(HttpHeader.X_FORWARDED_SERVER, clientRequest.getLocalName());
     }
 
     protected void sendProxyRequest(HttpServletRequest clientRequest, HttpServletResponse proxyResponse, Request proxyRequest)
     {
         if (_log.isDebugEnabled())
         {
             StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(clientRequest.getMethod());
             builder.append(" ").append(clientRequest.getRequestURI());
             String query = clientRequest.getQueryString();
             if (query != null)
                 builder.append("?").append(query);
             builder.append(" ").append(clientRequest.getProtocol()).append(System.lineSeparator());
             for (Enumeration<String> headerNames = clientRequest.getHeaderNames(); headerNames.hasMoreElements();)
             {
                 String headerName = headerNames.nextElement();
                 builder.append(headerName).append(": ");
                 for (Enumeration<String> headerValues = clientRequest.getHeaders(headerName); headerValues.hasMoreElements();)
                 {
                     String headerValue = headerValues.nextElement();
                     if (headerValue != null)
                         builder.append(headerValue);
                     if (headerValues.hasMoreElements())
                         builder.append(",");
                 }
                 builder.append(System.lineSeparator());
             }
             builder.append(System.lineSeparator());
 
             _log.debug("{} proxying to upstream:{}{}{}{}",
                     getRequestId(clientRequest),
                     System.lineSeparator(),
                     builder,
                     proxyRequest,
                     System.lineSeparator(),
                     proxyRequest.getHeaders().toString().trim());
         }
 
         proxyRequest.send(newProxyResponseListener(clientRequest, proxyResponse));
     }
 
     protected abstract Response.CompleteListener newProxyResponseListener(HttpServletRequest clientRequest, HttpServletResponse proxyResponse);
 
     protected void onClientRequestFailure(HttpServletRequest clientRequest, Request proxyRequest, HttpServletResponse proxyResponse, Throwable failure)
     {
         boolean aborted = proxyRequest.abort(failure);
         if (!aborted)
         {
             int status = failure instanceof TimeoutException ?
                     HttpStatus.REQUEST_TIMEOUT_408 :
                     HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR_500;
             proxyResponse.setStatus(status);
             clientRequest.getAsyncContext().complete();
         }
     }
 
     protected void onServerResponseHeaders(HttpServletRequest clientRequest, HttpServletResponse proxyResponse, Response serverResponse)
     {
         for (HttpField field : serverResponse.getHeaders())
         {
             String headerName = field.getName();
             String lowerHeaderName = headerName.toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH);
             if (HOP_HEADERS.contains(lowerHeaderName))
                 continue;
 
             String newHeaderValue = filterServerResponseHeader(clientRequest, serverResponse, headerName, field.getValue());
             if (newHeaderValue == null || newHeaderValue.trim().length() == 0)
                 continue;
 
             proxyResponse.addHeader(headerName, newHeaderValue);
         }
 
         if (_log.isDebugEnabled())
         {
             StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(System.lineSeparator());
             builder.append(clientRequest.getProtocol()).append(" ").append(proxyResponse.getStatus())
                     .append(" ").append(serverResponse.getReason()).append(System.lineSeparator());
             for (String headerName : proxyResponse.getHeaderNames())
             {
                 builder.append(headerName).append(": ");
                 for (Iterator<String> headerValues = proxyResponse.getHeaders(headerName).iterator(); headerValues.hasNext(); )
                 {
                     String headerValue = headerValues.next();
                     if (headerValue != null)
                         builder.append(headerValue);
                     if (headerValues.hasNext())
                         builder.append(",");
                 }
                 builder.append(System.lineSeparator());
             }
             _log.debug("{} proxying to downstream:{}{}{}{}{}",
                     getRequestId(clientRequest),
                     System.lineSeparator(),
                     serverResponse,
                     System.lineSeparator(),
                     serverResponse.getHeaders().toString().trim(),
                     System.lineSeparator(),
                     builder);
         }
     }
 
     protected String filterServerResponseHeader(HttpServletRequest clientRequest, Response serverResponse, String headerName, String headerValue)
     {
         return headerValue;
     }
 
     protected void onProxyResponseSuccess(HttpServletRequest clientRequest, HttpServletResponse proxyResponse, Response serverResponse)
     {
         if (_log.isDebugEnabled())
             _log.debug("{} proxying successful", getRequestId(clientRequest));
 
         AsyncContext asyncContext = clientRequest.getAsyncContext();
         asyncContext.complete();
     }
 
     protected void onProxyResponseFailure(HttpServletRequest clientRequest, HttpServletResponse proxyResponse, Response serverResponse, Throwable failure)
     {
         if (_log.isDebugEnabled())
             _log.debug(getRequestId(clientRequest) + " proxying failed", failure);
 
         if (proxyResponse.isCommitted())
         {
             try
             {
                 // Use Jetty specific behavior to close connection.
                 proxyResponse.sendError(-1);
                 AsyncContext asyncContext = clientRequest.getAsyncContext();
                 asyncContext.complete();
             }
             catch (IOException x)
             {
                 if (_log.isDebugEnabled())
                     _log.debug(getRequestId(clientRequest) + " could not close the connection", failure);
             }
         }
         else
         {
             proxyResponse.resetBuffer();
             if (failure instanceof TimeoutException)
                 proxyResponse.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_GATEWAY_TIMEOUT);
             else
                 proxyResponse.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_BAD_GATEWAY);
             proxyResponse.setHeader(HttpHeader.CONNECTION.asString(), HttpHeaderValue.CLOSE.asString());
             AsyncContext asyncContext = clientRequest.getAsyncContext();
             asyncContext.complete();
         }
     }
 
     protected int getRequestId(HttpServletRequest clientRequest)
     {
         return System.identityHashCode(clientRequest);
     }
 
     /**
      * <p>Utility class that implement transparent proxy functionalities.</p>
      * <p>Configuration parameters:</p>
      * <ul>
      * <li>{@code proxyTo} - a mandatory URI like http://host:80/context to which the request is proxied.</li>
      * <li>{@code prefix} - an optional URI prefix that is stripped from the start of the forwarded URI.</li>
      * </ul>
      * <p>For example, if a request is received at "/foo/bar", the {@code proxyTo} parameter is
      * "http://host:80/context" and the {@code prefix} parameter is "/foo", then the request would
      * be proxied to "http://host:80/context/bar".
      */
     protected static class TransparentDelegate
     {
         private final ProxyServlet proxyServlet;
         private String _proxyTo;
         private String _prefix;
 
         protected TransparentDelegate(ProxyServlet proxyServlet)
         {
             this.proxyServlet = proxyServlet;
         }
 
         protected void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException
         {
             _proxyTo = config.getInitParameter("proxyTo");
             if (_proxyTo == null)
                 throw new UnavailableException("Init parameter 'proxyTo' is required.");
 
             String prefix = config.getInitParameter("prefix");
             if (prefix != null)
             {
                 if (!prefix.startsWith("/"))
                     throw new UnavailableException("Init parameter 'prefix' must start with a '/'.");
                 _prefix = prefix;
             }
 
             // Adjust prefix value to account for context path
             String contextPath = config.getServletContext().getContextPath();
             _prefix = _prefix == null ? contextPath : (contextPath + _prefix);
 
             if (proxyServlet._log.isDebugEnabled())
                 proxyServlet._log.debug(config.getServletName() + " @ " + _prefix + " to " + _proxyTo);
         }
 
         protected String rewriteTarget(HttpServletRequest request)
         {
             String path = request.getRequestURI();
             if (!path.startsWith(_prefix))
                 return null;
 
             StringBuilder uri = new StringBuilder(_proxyTo);
             if (_proxyTo.endsWith("/"))
                 uri.setLength(uri.length() - 1);
             String rest = path.substring(_prefix.length());
             if (!rest.isEmpty())
             {
                 if (!rest.startsWith("/"))
                     uri.append("/");
                 uri.append(rest);
             }
 
             String query = request.getQueryString();
             if (query != null)
             {
                 // Is there at least one path segment ?
                 String separator = "://";
                 if (uri.indexOf("/", uri.indexOf(separator) + separator.length()) < 0)
                     uri.append("/");
                 uri.append("?").append(query);
             }
             URI rewrittenURI = URI.create(uri.toString()).normalize();
 
             if (!proxyServlet.validateDestination(rewrittenURI.getHost(), rewrittenURI.getPort()))
                 return null;
 
             return rewrittenURI.toString();
         }
     }
 }