/*
    * Copyright (C) 2011, Google Inc.
    * and other copyright owners as documented in the project's IP log.
    *
    * This program and the accompanying materials are made available
    * under the terms of the Eclipse Distribution License v1.0 which
    * accompanies this distribution, is reproduced below, and is
    * available at http://www.eclipse.org/org/documents/edl-v10.php
    *
   * All rights reserved.
   *
   * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or
   * without modification, are permitted provided that the following
   * conditions are met:
   *
   * - Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
   *   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
   *
   * - Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
   *   copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
   *   disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided
   *   with the distribution.
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  package org.eclipse.jgit.internal.storage.dfs;
  
  import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
  import java.io.IOException;
  import java.util.ArrayList;
  import java.util.Collection;
  import java.util.Collections;
  import java.util.Comparator;
  import java.util.HashMap;
  import java.util.List;
  import java.util.Map;
  import java.util.Set;
  import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
  
  import org.eclipse.jgit.internal.storage.pack.PackExt;
  import org.eclipse.jgit.lib.AnyObjectId;
  import org.eclipse.jgit.lib.ObjectDatabase;
  import org.eclipse.jgit.lib.ObjectInserter;
  import org.eclipse.jgit.lib.ObjectReader;
  
  /**
   * Manages objects stored in
   * {@link org.eclipse.jgit.internal.storage.dfs.DfsPackFile} on a storage
   * system.
   */
  public abstract class DfsObjDatabase extends ObjectDatabase {
  	private static final PackList NO_PACKS = new PackList(
  			new DfsPackFile[0],
  			new DfsReftable[0]) {
  		@Override
  		boolean dirty() {
  			return true;
  		}
  
  		@Override
  		void clearDirty() {
  			// Always dirty.
  		}
  
  		@Override
  		public void markDirty() {
  			// Always dirty.
  		}
  	};
  
  	/** Sources for a pack file. */
  	public static enum PackSource {
  		/** The pack is created by ObjectInserter due to local activity. */
  		INSERT(0),
  
  		/**
  		 * The pack is created by PackParser due to a network event.
  		 * <p>
  		 * A received pack can be from either a push into the repository, or a
  		 * fetch into the repository, the direction doesn't matter. A received
  		 * pack was built by the remote Git implementation and may not match the
 		 * storage layout preferred by this version. Received packs are likely
 		 * to be either compacted or garbage collected in the future.
 		 */
 		RECEIVE(0),
 
 		/**
 		 * The pack was created by compacting multiple packs together.
 		 * <p>
 		 * Packs created by compacting multiple packs together aren't nearly as
 		 * efficient as a fully garbage collected repository, but may save disk
 		 * space by reducing redundant copies of base objects.
 		 *
 		 * @see DfsPackCompactor
 		 */
 		COMPACT(1),
 
 		/**
 		 * Pack was created by Git garbage collection by this implementation.
 		 * <p>
 		 * This source is only used by the {@link DfsGarbageCollector} when it
 		 * builds a pack file by traversing the object graph and copying all
 		 * reachable objects into a new pack stream.
 		 *
 		 * @see DfsGarbageCollector
 		 */
 		GC(2),
 
 		/** Created from non-heads by {@link DfsGarbageCollector}. */
 		GC_REST(3),
 
 		/**
 		 * RefTreeGraph pack was created by Git garbage collection.
 		 *
 		 * @see DfsGarbageCollector
 		 */
 		GC_TXN(4),
 
 		/**
 		 * Pack was created by Git garbage collection.
 		 * <p>
 		 * This pack contains only unreachable garbage that was found during the
 		 * last GC pass. It is retained in a new pack until it is safe to prune
 		 * these objects from the repository.
 		 */
 		UNREACHABLE_GARBAGE(5);
 
 		final int category;
 
 		PackSource(int category) {
 			this.category = category;
 		}
 	}
 
 	private final AtomicReference<PackList> packList;
 
 	private final DfsRepository repository;
 
 	private DfsReaderOptions readerOptions;
 
 	/**
 	 * Initialize an object database for our repository.
 	 *
 	 * @param repository
 	 *            repository owning this object database.
 	 * @param options
 	 *            how readers should access the object database.
 	 */
 	protected DfsObjDatabase(DfsRepository repository,
 			DfsReaderOptions options) {
 		this.repository = repository;
 		this.packList = new AtomicReference<>(NO_PACKS);
 		this.readerOptions = options;
 	}
 
 	/**
 	 * Get configured reader options, such as read-ahead.
 	 *
 	 * @return configured reader options, such as read-ahead.
 	 */
 	public DfsReaderOptions getReaderOptions() {
 		return readerOptions;
 	}
 
 	/** {@inheritDoc} */
 	@Override
 	public DfsReader newReader() {
 		return new DfsReader(this);
 	}
 
 	/** {@inheritDoc} */
 	@Override
 	public ObjectInserter newInserter() {
 		return new DfsInserter(this);
 	}
 
 	/**
 	 * Scan and list all available pack files in the repository.
 	 *
 	 * @return list of available packs. The returned array is shared with the
 	 *         implementation and must not be modified by the caller.
 	 * @throws java.io.IOException
 	 *             the pack list cannot be initialized.
 	 */
 	public DfsPackFile[] getPacks() throws IOException {
 		return getPackList().packs;
 	}
 
 	/**
 	 * Scan and list all available reftable files in the repository.
 	 *
 	 * @return list of available reftables. The returned array is shared with
 	 *         the implementation and must not be modified by the caller.
 	 * @throws java.io.IOException
 	 *             the pack list cannot be initialized.
 	 */
 	public DfsReftable[] getReftables() throws IOException {
 		return getPackList().reftables;
 	}
 
 	/**
 	 * Scan and list all available pack files in the repository.
 	 *
 	 * @return list of available packs, with some additional metadata. The
 	 *         returned array is shared with the implementation and must not be
 	 *         modified by the caller.
 	 * @throws java.io.IOException
 	 *             the pack list cannot be initialized.
 	 */
 	public PackList getPackList() throws IOException {
 		return scanPacks(NO_PACKS);
 	}
 
 	/**
 	 * Get repository owning this object database.
 	 *
 	 * @return repository owning this object database.
 	 */
 	protected DfsRepository getRepository() {
 		return repository;
 	}
 
 	/**
 	 * List currently known pack files in the repository, without scanning.
 	 *
 	 * @return list of available packs. The returned array is shared with the
 	 *         implementation and must not be modified by the caller.
 	 */
 	public DfsPackFile[] getCurrentPacks() {
 		return getCurrentPackList().packs;
 	}
 
 	/**
 	 * List currently known reftable files in the repository, without scanning.
 	 *
 	 * @return list of available reftables. The returned array is shared with
 	 *         the implementation and must not be modified by the caller.
 	 */
 	public DfsReftable[] getCurrentReftables() {
 		return getCurrentPackList().reftables;
 	}
 
 	/**
 	 * List currently known pack files in the repository, without scanning.
 	 *
 	 * @return list of available packs, with some additional metadata. The
 	 *         returned array is shared with the implementation and must not be
 	 *         modified by the caller.
 	 */
 	public PackList getCurrentPackList() {
 		return packList.get();
 	}
 
 	/**
 	 * Does the requested object exist in this database?
 	 * <p>
 	 * This differs from ObjectDatabase's implementation in that we can selectively
 	 * ignore unreachable (garbage) objects.
 	 *
 	 * @param objectId
 	 *            identity of the object to test for existence of.
 	 * @param avoidUnreachableObjects
 	 *            if true, ignore objects that are unreachable.
 	 * @return true if the specified object is stored in this database.
 	 * @throws java.io.IOException
 	 *             the object store cannot be accessed.
 	 */
 	public boolean has(AnyObjectId objectId, boolean avoidUnreachableObjects)
 			throws IOException {
 		try (ObjectReader or = newReader()) {
 			or.setAvoidUnreachableObjects(avoidUnreachableObjects);
 			return or.has(objectId);
 		}
 	}
 
 	/**
 	 * Generate a new unique name for a pack file.
 	 *
 	 * @param source
 	 *            where the pack stream is created.
 	 * @return a unique name for the pack file. Must not collide with any other
 	 *         pack file name in the same DFS.
 	 * @throws java.io.IOException
 	 *             a new unique pack description cannot be generated.
 	 */
 	protected abstract DfsPackDescription newPack(PackSource source)
 			throws IOException;
 
 	/**
 	 * Generate a new unique name for a pack file.
 	 *
 	 * <p>
 	 * Default implementation of this method would be equivalent to
 	 * {@code newPack(source).setEstimatedPackSize(estimatedPackSize)}. But the
 	 * clients can override this method to use the given
 	 * {@code estomatedPackSize} value more efficiently in the process of
 	 * creating a new
 	 * {@link org.eclipse.jgit.internal.storage.dfs.DfsPackDescription} object.
 	 *
 	 * @param source
 	 *            where the pack stream is created.
 	 * @param estimatedPackSize
 	 *            the estimated size of the pack.
 	 * @return a unique name for the pack file. Must not collide with any other
 	 *         pack file name in the same DFS.
 	 * @throws java.io.IOException
 	 *             a new unique pack description cannot be generated.
 	 */
 	protected DfsPackDescription newPack(PackSource source,
 			long estimatedPackSize) throws IOException {
 		DfsPackDescription pack = newPack(source);
 		pack.setEstimatedPackSize(estimatedPackSize);
 		return pack;
 	}
 
 	/**
 	 * Commit a pack and index pair that was written to the DFS.
 	 * <p>
 	 * Committing the pack/index pair makes them visible to readers. The JGit
 	 * DFS code always writes the pack, then the index. This allows a simple
 	 * commit process to do nothing if readers always look for both files to
 	 * exist and the DFS performs atomic creation of the file (e.g. stream to a
 	 * temporary file and rename to target on close).
 	 * <p>
 	 * During pack compaction or GC the new pack file may be replacing other
 	 * older files. Implementations should remove those older files (if any) as
 	 * part of the commit of the new file.
 	 * <p>
 	 * This method is a trivial wrapper around
 	 * {@link #commitPackImpl(Collection, Collection)} that calls the
 	 * implementation and fires events.
 	 *
 	 * @param desc
 	 *            description of the new packs.
 	 * @param replaces
 	 *            if not null, list of packs to remove.
 	 * @throws java.io.IOException
 	 *             the packs cannot be committed. On failure a rollback must
 	 *             also be attempted by the caller.
 	 */
 	protected void commitPack(Collection<DfsPackDescription> desc,
 			Collection<DfsPackDescription> replaces) throws IOException {
 		commitPackImpl(desc, replaces);
 		getRepository().fireEvent(new DfsPacksChangedEvent());
 	}
 
 	/**
 	 * Implementation of pack commit.
 	 *
 	 * @see #commitPack(Collection, Collection)
 	 * @param desc
 	 *            description of the new packs.
 	 * @param replaces
 	 *            if not null, list of packs to remove.
 	 * @throws java.io.IOException
 	 *             the packs cannot be committed.
 	 */
 	protected abstract void commitPackImpl(Collection<DfsPackDescription> desc,
 			Collection<DfsPackDescription> replaces) throws IOException;
 
 	/**
 	 * Try to rollback a pack creation.
 	 * <p>
 	 * JGit DFS always writes the pack first, then the index. If the pack does
 	 * not yet exist, then neither does the index. A safe DFS implementation
 	 * would try to remove both files to ensure they are really gone.
 	 * <p>
 	 * A rollback does not support failures, as it only occurs when there is
 	 * already a failure in progress. A DFS implementor may wish to log
 	 * warnings/error messages when a rollback fails, but should not send new
 	 * exceptions up the Java callstack.
 	 *
 	 * @param desc
 	 *            pack to delete.
 	 */
 	protected abstract void rollbackPack(Collection<DfsPackDescription> desc);
 
 	/**
 	 * List the available pack files.
 	 * <p>
 	 * The returned list must support random access and must be mutable by the
 	 * caller. It is sorted in place using the natural sorting of the returned
 	 * DfsPackDescription objects.
 	 *
 	 * @return available packs. May be empty if there are no packs.
 	 * @throws java.io.IOException
 	 *             the packs cannot be listed and the object database is not
 	 *             functional to the caller.
 	 */
 	protected abstract List<DfsPackDescription> listPacks() throws IOException;
 
 	/**
 	 * Open a pack, pack index, or other related file for reading.
 	 *
 	 * @param desc
 	 *            description of pack related to the data that will be read.
 	 *            This is an instance previously obtained from
 	 *            {@link #listPacks()}, but not necessarily from the same
 	 *            DfsObjDatabase instance.
 	 * @param ext
 	 *            file extension that will be read i.e "pack" or "idx".
 	 * @return channel to read the file.
 	 * @throws java.io.FileNotFoundException
 	 *             the file does not exist.
 	 * @throws java.io.IOException
 	 *             the file cannot be opened.
 	 */
 	protected abstract ReadableChannel openFile(
 			DfsPackDescription desc, PackExt ext)
 			throws FileNotFoundException, IOException;
 
 	/**
 	 * Open a pack, pack index, or other related file for writing.
 	 *
 	 * @param desc
 	 *            description of pack related to the data that will be written.
 	 *            This is an instance previously obtained from
 	 *            {@link #newPack(PackSource)}.
 	 * @param ext
 	 *            file extension that will be written i.e "pack" or "idx".
 	 * @return channel to write the file.
 	 * @throws java.io.IOException
 	 *             the file cannot be opened.
 	 */
 	protected abstract DfsOutputStream writeFile(
 			DfsPackDescription desc, PackExt ext) throws IOException;
 
 	void addPack(DfsPackFile newPack) throws IOException {
 		PackList o, n;
 		do {
 			o = packList.get();
 			if (o == NO_PACKS) {
 				// The repository may not have needed any existing objects to
 				// complete the current task of creating a pack (e.g. push of a
 				// pack with no external deltas). Because we don't scan for
 				// newly added packs on missed object lookups, scan now to
 				// make sure all older packs are available in the packList.
 				o = scanPacks(o);
 
 				// Its possible the scan identified the pack we were asked to
 				// add, as the pack was already committed via commitPack().
 				// If this is the case return without changing the list.
 				for (DfsPackFile p : o.packs) {
 					if (p.key.equals(newPack.key)) {
 						return;
 					}
 				}
 			}
 
 			DfsPackFile[] packs = new DfsPackFile[1 + o.packs.length];
 			packs[0] = newPack;
 			System.arraycopy(o.packs, 0, packs, 1, o.packs.length);
 			n = new PackListImpl(packs, o.reftables);
 		} while (!packList.compareAndSet(o, n));
 	}
 
 	void addReftable(DfsPackDescription add, Set<DfsPackDescription> remove)
 			throws IOException {
 		PackList o, n;
 		do {
 			o = packList.get();
 			if (o == NO_PACKS) {
 				o = scanPacks(o);
 				for (DfsReftable t : o.reftables) {
 					if (t.getPackDescription().equals(add)) {
 						return;
 					}
 				}
 			}
 
 			List<DfsReftable> tables = new ArrayList<>(1 + o.reftables.length);
 			for (DfsReftable t : o.reftables) {
 				if (!remove.contains(t.getPackDescription())) {
 					tables.add(t);
 				}
 			}
 			tables.add(new DfsReftable(add));
 			n = new PackListImpl(o.packs, tables.toArray(new DfsReftable[0]));
 		} while (!packList.compareAndSet(o, n));
 	}
 
 	PackList scanPacks(final PackList original) throws IOException {
 		PackList o, n;
 		synchronized (packList) {
 			do {
 				o = packList.get();
 				if (o != original) {
 					// Another thread did the scan for us, while we
 					// were blocked on the monitor above.
 					//
 					return o;
 				}
 				n = scanPacksImpl(o);
 				if (n == o)
 					return n;
 			} while (!packList.compareAndSet(o, n));
 		}
 		getRepository().fireEvent(new DfsPacksChangedEvent());
 		return n;
 	}
 
 	private PackList scanPacksImpl(PackList old) throws IOException {
 		DfsBlockCache cache = DfsBlockCache.getInstance();
 		Map<DfsPackDescription, DfsPackFile> packs = packMap(old);
 		Map<DfsPackDescription, DfsReftable> reftables = reftableMap(old);
 
 		List<DfsPackDescription> scanned = listPacks();
 		Collections.sort(scanned);
 
 		List<DfsPackFile> newPacks = new ArrayList<>(scanned.size());
 		List<DfsReftable> newReftables = new ArrayList<>(scanned.size());
 		boolean foundNew = false;
 		for (DfsPackDescription dsc : scanned) {
 			DfsPackFile oldPack = packs.remove(dsc);
 			if (oldPack != null) {
 				newPacks.add(oldPack);
 			} else if (dsc.hasFileExt(PackExt.PACK)) {
 				newPacks.add(new DfsPackFile(cache, dsc));
 				foundNew = true;
 			}
 
 			DfsReftable oldReftable = reftables.remove(dsc);
 			if (oldReftable != null) {
 				newReftables.add(oldReftable);
 			} else if (dsc.hasFileExt(PackExt.REFTABLE)) {
 				newReftables.add(new DfsReftable(cache, dsc));
 				foundNew = true;
 			}
 		}
 
 		if (newPacks.isEmpty())
 			return new PackListImpl(NO_PACKS.packs, NO_PACKS.reftables);
 		if (!foundNew) {
 			old.clearDirty();
 			return old;
 		}
 		Collections.sort(newReftables, reftableComparator());
 		return new PackListImpl(
 				newPacks.toArray(new DfsPackFile[0]),
 				newReftables.toArray(new DfsReftable[0]));
 	}
 
 	private static Map<DfsPackDescription, DfsPackFile> packMap(PackList old) {
 		Map<DfsPackDescription, DfsPackFile> forReuse = new HashMap<>();
 		for (DfsPackFile p : old.packs) {
 			if (!p.invalid()) {
 				forReuse.put(p.desc, p);
 			}
 		}
 		return forReuse;
 	}
 
 	private static Map<DfsPackDescription, DfsReftable> reftableMap(PackList old) {
 		Map<DfsPackDescription, DfsReftable> forReuse = new HashMap<>();
 		for (DfsReftable p : old.reftables) {
 			if (!p.invalid()) {
 				forReuse.put(p.desc, p);
 			}
 		}
 		return forReuse;
 	}
 
 	/**
 	 * Get comparator to sort {@link DfsReftable} by priority.
 	 *
 	 * @return comparator to sort {@link DfsReftable} by priority.
 	 */
 	protected Comparator<DfsReftable> reftableComparator() {
 		return (fa, fb) -> {
 			DfsPackDescription a = fa.getPackDescription();
 			DfsPackDescription b = fb.getPackDescription();
 
 			// GC, COMPACT reftables first by higher category.
 			int c = category(b) - category(a);
 			if (c != 0) {
 				return c;
 			}
 
 			// Lower maxUpdateIndex first.
 			c = Long.signum(a.getMaxUpdateIndex() - b.getMaxUpdateIndex());
 			if (c != 0) {
 				return c;
 			}
 
 			// Older reftable first.
 			return Long.signum(a.getLastModified() - b.getLastModified());
 		};
 	}
 
 	static int category(DfsPackDescription d) {
 		PackSource s = d.getPackSource();
 		return s != null ? s.category : 0;
 	}
 
 	/**
 	 * Clears the cached list of packs, forcing them to be scanned again.
 	 */
 	protected void clearCache() {
 		packList.set(NO_PACKS);
 	}
 
 	/** {@inheritDoc} */
 	@Override
 	public void close() {
 		packList.set(NO_PACKS);
 	}
 
 	/** Snapshot of packs scanned in a single pass. */
 	public static abstract class PackList {
 		/** All known packs, sorted. */
 		public final DfsPackFile[] packs;
 
 		/** All known reftables, sorted. */
 		public final DfsReftable[] reftables;
 
 		private long lastModified = -1;
 
 		PackList(DfsPackFile[] packs, DfsReftable[] reftables) {
 			this.packs = packs;
 			this.reftables = reftables;
 		}
 
 		/** @return last modified time of all packs, in milliseconds. */
 		public long getLastModified() {
 			if (lastModified < 0) {
 				long max = 0;
 				for (DfsPackFile pack : packs) {
 					max = Math.max(max, pack.getPackDescription().getLastModified());
 				}
 				lastModified = max;
 			}
 			return lastModified;
 		}
 
 		abstract boolean dirty();
 		abstract void clearDirty();
 
 		/**
 		 * Mark pack list as dirty.
 		 * <p>
 		 * Used when the caller knows that new data might have been written to the
 		 * repository that could invalidate open readers depending on this pack list,
 		 * for example if refs are newly scanned.
 		 */
 		public abstract void markDirty();
 	}
 
 	private static final class PackListImpl extends PackList {
 		private volatile boolean dirty;
 
 		PackListImpl(DfsPackFile[] packs, DfsReftable[] reftables) {
 			super(packs, reftables);
 		}
 
 		@Override
 		boolean dirty() {
 			return dirty;
 		}
 
 		@Override
 		void clearDirty() {
 			dirty = false;
 		}
 
 		@Override
 		public void markDirty() {
 			dirty = true;
 		}
 	}
 }