/*
    * Copyright (C) 2012, Google Inc.
    * and other copyright owners as documented in the project's IP log.
    *
    * This program and the accompanying materials are made available
    * under the terms of the Eclipse Distribution License v1.0 which
    * accompanies this distribution, is reproduced below, and is
    * available at http://www.eclipse.org/org/documents/edl-v10.php
    *
   * All rights reserved.
   *
   * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or
   * without modification, are permitted provided that the following
   * conditions are met:
   *
   * - Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
   *   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
   *
   * - Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
   *   copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
   *   disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided
   *   with the distribution.
   *
   * - Neither the name of the Eclipse Foundation, Inc. nor the
   *   names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote
   *   products derived from this software without specific prior
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  package org.eclipse.jgit.internal.storage.pack;
  
  import static org.eclipse.jgit.internal.storage.file.PackBitmapIndex.FLAG_REUSE;
  import static org.eclipse.jgit.revwalk.RevFlag.SEEN;
  
  import java.io.IOException;
  import java.util.ArrayList;
  import java.util.Collection;
  import java.util.Collections;
  import java.util.Comparator;
  import java.util.HashSet;
  import java.util.Iterator;
  import java.util.List;
  import java.util.Set;
  
  import org.eclipse.jgit.errors.IncorrectObjectTypeException;
  import org.eclipse.jgit.errors.MissingObjectException;
  import org.eclipse.jgit.internal.JGitText;
  import org.eclipse.jgit.internal.storage.file.BitmapIndexImpl;
  import org.eclipse.jgit.internal.storage.file.BitmapIndexImpl.CompressedBitmap;
  import org.eclipse.jgit.internal.storage.file.PackBitmapIndex;
  import org.eclipse.jgit.internal.storage.file.PackBitmapIndexBuilder;
  import org.eclipse.jgit.internal.storage.file.PackBitmapIndexRemapper;
  import org.eclipse.jgit.internal.storage.pack.PackWriterBitmapWalker.AddUnseenToBitmapFilter;
  import org.eclipse.jgit.lib.AnyObjectId;
  import org.eclipse.jgit.lib.BitmapIndex.BitmapBuilder;
  import org.eclipse.jgit.lib.Constants;
  import org.eclipse.jgit.lib.ObjectId;
  import org.eclipse.jgit.lib.ObjectReader;
  import org.eclipse.jgit.lib.ProgressMonitor;
  import org.eclipse.jgit.revwalk.ObjectWalk;
  import org.eclipse.jgit.revwalk.RevCommit;
  import org.eclipse.jgit.revwalk.RevObject;
  import org.eclipse.jgit.revwalk.RevWalk;
  import org.eclipse.jgit.revwalk.filter.RevFilter;
  import org.eclipse.jgit.storage.pack.PackConfig;
  import org.eclipse.jgit.util.BlockList;
  import org.eclipse.jgit.util.SystemReader;
  
  import com.googlecode.javaewah.EWAHCompressedBitmap;
  
  /**
   * Helper class for the {@link PackWriter} to select commits for which to build
   * pack index bitmaps.
   */
  class PackWriterBitmapPreparer {
  
  	private static final int DAY_IN_SECONDS = 24 * 60 * 60;
  
  	private static final Comparator<BitmapBuilderEntry> ORDER_BY_CARDINALITY = new Comparator<BitmapBuilderEntry>() {
  		public int compare(BitmapBuilderEntry a, BitmapBuilderEntry b) {
  			return Integer.signum(a.getBuilder().cardinality()
  					- b.getBuilder().cardinality());
  		}
  	};
  
 	private final ObjectReader reader;
 	private final ProgressMonitor pm;
 	private final Set<? extends ObjectId> want;
 	private final PackBitmapIndexBuilder writeBitmaps;
 	private final BitmapIndexImpl commitBitmapIndex;
 	private final PackBitmapIndexRemapper bitmapRemapper;
 	private final BitmapIndexImpl bitmapIndex;
 
 	private final int contiguousCommitCount;
 	private final int recentCommitCount;
 	private final int recentCommitSpan;
 	private final int distantCommitSpan;
 	private final int excessiveBranchCount;
 	private final long inactiveBranchTimestamp;
 
 	PackWriterBitmapPreparer(ObjectReader reader,
 			PackBitmapIndexBuilder writeBitmaps, ProgressMonitor pm,
 			Set<? extends ObjectId> want, PackConfig config)
 					throws IOException {
 		this.reader = reader;
 		this.writeBitmaps = writeBitmaps;
 		this.pm = pm;
 		this.want = want;
 		this.commitBitmapIndex = new BitmapIndexImpl(writeBitmaps);
 		this.bitmapRemapper = PackBitmapIndexRemapper.newPackBitmapIndex(
 				reader.getBitmapIndex(), writeBitmaps);
 		this.bitmapIndex = new BitmapIndexImpl(bitmapRemapper);
 		this.contiguousCommitCount = config.getBitmapContiguousCommitCount();
 		this.recentCommitCount = config.getBitmapRecentCommitCount();
 		this.recentCommitSpan = config.getBitmapRecentCommitSpan();
 		this.distantCommitSpan = config.getBitmapDistantCommitSpan();
 		this.excessiveBranchCount = config.getBitmapExcessiveBranchCount();
 		long now = SystemReader.getInstance().getCurrentTime();
 		long ageInSeconds = config.getBitmapInactiveBranchAgeInDays()
 				* DAY_IN_SECONDS;
 		this.inactiveBranchTimestamp = (now / 1000) - ageInSeconds;
 	}
 
 	/**
 	 * Returns the commit objects for which bitmap indices should be built.
 	 *
 	 * @param expectedCommitCount
 	 *            count of commits in the pack
 	 * @return commit objects for which bitmap indices should be built
 	 * @throws IncorrectObjectTypeException
 	 *             if any of the processed objects is not a commit
 	 * @throws IOException
 	 *             on errors reading pack or index files
 	 * @throws MissingObjectException
 	 *             if an expected object is missing
 	 */
 	Collection<BitmapCommit> selectCommits(int expectedCommitCount)
 			throws IncorrectObjectTypeException, IOException,
 			MissingObjectException {
 		/*
 		 * Thinking of bitmap indices as a cache, if we find bitmaps at or at a
 		 * close ancestor to 'old' and 'new' when calculating old..new, then all
 		 * objects can be calculated with minimal graph walking. A distribution
 		 * that favors creating bitmaps for the most recent commits maximizes
 		 * the cache hits for clients that are close to HEAD, which is the
 		 * majority of calculations performed.
 		 */
 		pm.beginTask(JGitText.get().selectingCommits, ProgressMonitor.UNKNOWN);
 		RevWalk rw = new RevWalk(reader);
 		rw.setRetainBody(false);
 		CommitSelectionHelper selectionHelper = setupTipCommitBitmaps(rw,
 				expectedCommitCount);
 		pm.endTask();
 
 		int totCommits = selectionHelper.getCommitCount();
 		BlockList<BitmapCommit> selections = new BlockList<BitmapCommit>(
 				totCommits / recentCommitSpan + 1);
 		for (BitmapCommit reuse : selectionHelper.reusedCommits) {
 			selections.add(reuse);
 		}
 
 		if (totCommits == 0) {
 			for (AnyObjectId id : selectionHelper.peeledWants) {
 				selections.add(new BitmapCommit(id, false, 0));
 			}
 			return selections;
 		}
 
 		pm.beginTask(JGitText.get().selectingCommits, totCommits);
 		int totalWants = selectionHelper.peeledWants.size();
 
 		for (BitmapBuilderEntry entry : selectionHelper.tipCommitBitmaps) {
 			BitmapBuilder bitmap = entry.getBuilder();
 			int cardinality = bitmap.cardinality();
 
 			// Within this branch, keep ordered lists of commits representing
 			// chains in its history, where each chain is a "sub-branch".
 			// Ordering commits by these chains makes for fewer differences
 			// between consecutive selected commits, which in turn provides
 			// better compression/on the run-length encoding of the XORs between
 			// them.
 			List<List<BitmapCommit>> chains =
 					new ArrayList<List<BitmapCommit>>();
 
 			// Mark the current branch as inactive if its tip commit isn't
 			// recent and there are an excessive number of branches, to
 			// prevent memory bloat of computing too many bitmaps for stale
 			// branches.
 			boolean isActiveBranch = true;
 			if (totalWants > excessiveBranchCount
 					&& !isRecentCommit(entry.getCommit())) {
 				isActiveBranch = false;
 			}
 
 			// Insert bitmaps at the offsets suggested by the
 			// nextSelectionDistance() heuristic. Only reuse bitmaps created
 			// for more distant commits.
 			int index = -1;
 			int nextIn = nextSpan(cardinality);
 			int nextFlg = nextIn == distantCommitSpan
 					? PackBitmapIndex.FLAG_REUSE : 0;
 
 			// For the current branch, iterate through all commits from oldest
 			// to newest.
 			for (RevCommit c : selectionHelper) {
 				// Optimization: if we have found all the commits for this
 				// branch, stop searching
 				int distanceFromTip = cardinality - index - 1;
 				if (distanceFromTip == 0) {
 					break;
 				}
 
 				// Ignore commits that are not in this branch
 				if (!bitmap.contains(c)) {
 					continue;
 				}
 
 				index++;
 				nextIn--;
 				pm.update(1);
 
 				// Always pick the items in wants, prefer merge commits.
 				if (selectionHelper.peeledWants.remove(c)) {
 					if (nextIn > 0) {
 						nextFlg = 0;
 					}
 				} else {
 					boolean stillInSpan = nextIn >= 0;
 					boolean isMergeCommit = c.getParentCount() > 1;
 					// Force selection if:
 					// a) we have exhausted the window looking for merges
 					// b) we are in the top commits of an active branch
 					// c) we are at a branch tip
 					boolean mustPick = (nextIn <= -recentCommitSpan)
 							|| (isActiveBranch
 									&& (distanceFromTip <= contiguousCommitCount))
 							|| (distanceFromTip == 1); // most recent commit
 					if (!mustPick && (stillInSpan || !isMergeCommit)) {
 						continue;
 					}
 				}
 
 				// This commit is selected.
 				// Calculate where to look for the next one.
 				int flags = nextFlg;
 				nextIn = nextSpan(distanceFromTip);
 				nextFlg = nextIn == distantCommitSpan
 						? PackBitmapIndex.FLAG_REUSE : 0;
 
 				BitmapBuilder fullBitmap = commitBitmapIndex.newBitmapBuilder();
 				rw.reset();
 				rw.markStart(c);
 				rw.setRevFilter(new AddUnseenToBitmapFilter(
 						selectionHelper.reusedCommitsBitmap, fullBitmap));
 
 				while (rw.next() != null) {
 					// The RevFilter adds the reachable commits from this
 					// selected commit to fullBitmap.
 				}
 
 				// Sort the commits by independent chains in this branch's
 				// history, yielding better compression when building bitmaps.
 				List<BitmapCommit> longestAncestorChain = null;
 				for (List<BitmapCommit> chain : chains) {
 					BitmapCommit mostRecentCommit = chain.get(chain.size() - 1);
 					if (fullBitmap.contains(mostRecentCommit)) {
 						if (longestAncestorChain == null
 								|| longestAncestorChain.size() < chain.size()) {
 							longestAncestorChain = chain;
 						}
 					}
 				}
 
 				if (longestAncestorChain == null) {
 					longestAncestorChain = new ArrayList<BitmapCommit>();
 					chains.add(longestAncestorChain);
 				}
 				longestAncestorChain.add(new BitmapCommit(
 						c, !longestAncestorChain.isEmpty(), flags));
 				writeBitmaps.addBitmap(c, fullBitmap, 0);
 			}
 
 			for (List<BitmapCommit> chain : chains) {
 				selections.addAll(chain);
 			}
 		}
 		writeBitmaps.clearBitmaps(); // Remove the temporary commit bitmaps.
 
 		// Add the remaining peeledWant
 		for (AnyObjectId remainingWant : selectionHelper.peeledWants) {
 			selections.add(new BitmapCommit(remainingWant, false, 0));
 		}
 
 		pm.endTask();
 		return selections;
 	}
 
 	private boolean isRecentCommit(RevCommit revCommit) {
 		return revCommit.getCommitTime() > inactiveBranchTimestamp;
 	}
 
 	/**
 	 * A RevFilter that excludes the commits named in a bitmap from the walk.
 	 * <p>
 	 * If a commit is in {@code bitmap} then that commit is not emitted by the
 	 * walk and its parents are marked as SEEN so the walk can skip them.  The
 	 * bitmaps passed in have the property that the parents of any commit in
 	 * {@code bitmap} are also in {@code bitmap}, so marking the parents as
 	 * SEEN speeds up the RevWalk by saving it from walking down blind alleys
 	 * and does not change the commits emitted.
 	 */
 	private static class NotInBitmapFilter extends RevFilter {
 		private final BitmapBuilder bitmap;
 
 		NotInBitmapFilter(BitmapBuilder bitmap) {
 			this.bitmap = bitmap;
 		}
 
 		@Override
 		public final boolean include(RevWalk rw, RevCommit c) {
 			if (!bitmap.contains(c)) {
 				return true;
 			}
 			for (RevCommit p : c.getParents()) {
 				p.add(SEEN);
 			}
 			return false;
 		}
 
 		@Override
 		public final NotInBitmapFilter clone() {
 			throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
 		}
 
 		@Override
 		public final boolean requiresCommitBody() {
 			return false;
 		}
 	}
 
 	/**
 	 * For each of the {@code want}s, which represent the tip commit of each
 	 * branch, set up an initial {@link BitmapBuilder}. Reuse previously built
 	 * bitmaps if possible.
 	 *
 	 * @param rw
 	 *            a {@link RevWalk} to find reachable objects in this repository
 	 * @param expectedCommitCount
 	 *            expected count of commits. The actual count may be less due to
 	 *            unreachable garbage.
 	 * @return a {@link CommitSelectionHelper} containing bitmaps for the tip
 	 *         commits
 	 * @throws IncorrectObjectTypeException
 	 *             if any of the processed objects is not a commit
 	 * @throws IOException
 	 *             on errors reading pack or index files
 	 * @throws MissingObjectException
 	 *             if an expected object is missing
 	 */
 	private CommitSelectionHelper setupTipCommitBitmaps(RevWalk rw,
 			int expectedCommitCount) throws IncorrectObjectTypeException,
 					IOException, MissingObjectException {
 		BitmapBuilder reuse = commitBitmapIndex.newBitmapBuilder();
 		List<BitmapCommit> reuseCommits = new ArrayList<BitmapCommit>();
 		for (PackBitmapIndexRemapper.Entry entry : bitmapRemapper) {
 			// More recent commits did not have the reuse flag set, so skip them
 			if ((entry.getFlags() & FLAG_REUSE) != FLAG_REUSE) {
 				continue;
 			}
 			RevObject ro = rw.peel(rw.parseAny(entry));
 			if (!(ro instanceof RevCommit)) {
 				continue;
 			}
 
 			RevCommit rc = (RevCommit) ro;
 			reuseCommits.add(new BitmapCommit(rc, false, entry.getFlags()));
 			if (!reuse.contains(rc)) {
 				EWAHCompressedBitmap bitmap = bitmapRemapper.ofObjectType(
 						bitmapRemapper.getBitmap(rc), Constants.OBJ_COMMIT);
 				reuse.or(new CompressedBitmap(bitmap, commitBitmapIndex));
 			}
 		}
 
 		// Add branch tips that are not represented in old bitmap indices. Set
 		// up the RevWalk to walk the new commits not in the old packs.
 		List<BitmapBuilderEntry> tipCommitBitmaps = new ArrayList<BitmapBuilderEntry>(
 				want.size());
 		Set<RevCommit> peeledWant = new HashSet<RevCommit>(want.size());
 		for (AnyObjectId objectId : want) {
 			RevObject ro = rw.peel(rw.parseAny(objectId));
 			if (!(ro instanceof RevCommit) || reuse.contains(ro)) {
 				continue;
 			}
 
 			RevCommit rc = (RevCommit) ro;
 			peeledWant.add(rc);
 			rw.markStart(rc);
 
 			BitmapBuilder bitmap = commitBitmapIndex.newBitmapBuilder();
 			bitmap.addObject(rc, Constants.OBJ_COMMIT);
 			tipCommitBitmaps.add(new BitmapBuilderEntry(rc, bitmap));
 		}
 
 		// Create a list of commits in reverse order (older to newer).
 		// For each branch that contains the commit, mark its parents as being
 		// in the bitmap.
 		rw.setRevFilter(new NotInBitmapFilter(reuse));
 		RevCommit[] commits = new RevCommit[expectedCommitCount];
 		int pos = commits.length;
 		RevCommit rc;
 		while ((rc = rw.next()) != null && pos > 0) {
 			commits[--pos] = rc;
 			for (BitmapBuilderEntry entry : tipCommitBitmaps) {
 				BitmapBuilder bitmap = entry.getBuilder();
 				if (!bitmap.contains(rc)) {
 					continue;
 				}
 				for (RevCommit c : rc.getParents()) {
 					if (reuse.contains(c)) {
 						continue;
 					}
 					bitmap.addObject(c, Constants.OBJ_COMMIT);
 				}
 			}
 			pm.update(1);
 		}
 
 		// Sort the tip commit bitmaps. Find the one containing the most
 		// commits, remove those commits from the remaining bitmaps, resort and
 		// repeat.
 		List<BitmapBuilderEntry> orderedTipCommitBitmaps = new ArrayList<>(
 				tipCommitBitmaps.size());
 		while (!tipCommitBitmaps.isEmpty()) {
 			BitmapBuilderEntry largest =
 					Collections.max(tipCommitBitmaps, ORDER_BY_CARDINALITY);
 			tipCommitBitmaps.remove(largest);
 			orderedTipCommitBitmaps.add(largest);
 
 			// Update the remaining paths, by removing the objects from
 			// the path that was just added.
 			for (int i = tipCommitBitmaps.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
 				tipCommitBitmaps.get(i).getBuilder()
 						.andNot(largest.getBuilder());
 			}
 		}
 
 		return new CommitSelectionHelper(peeledWant, commits, pos,
 				orderedTipCommitBitmaps, reuse, reuseCommits);
 	}
 
 	/*-
 	 * Returns the desired distance to the next bitmap based on the distance
 	 * from the tip commit. Only differentiates recent from distant spans,
 	 * selectCommits() handles the contiguous commits at the tip for active
 	 * or inactive branches.
 	 *
 	 * A graph of this function looks like this, where
 	 * the X axis is the distance from the tip commit and the Y axis is the
 	 * bitmap selection distance.
 	 *
 	 * 5000                ____...
 	 *                    /
 	 *                  /
 	 *                /
 	 *              /
 	 *  100  _____/
 	 *       0  20100  25000
 	 *
 	 * Linear scaling between 20100 and 25000 prevents spans >100 for distances
 	 * <20000 (otherwise, a span of 5000 would be returned for a distance of
 	 * 21000, and the range 16000-20000 would have no selections).
 	 */
 	int nextSpan(int distanceFromTip) {
 		if (distanceFromTip < 0) {
 			throw new IllegalArgumentException();
 		}
 
 		// Commits more toward the start will have more bitmaps.
 		if (distanceFromTip <= recentCommitCount) {
 			return recentCommitSpan;
 		}
 
 		int next = Math.min(distanceFromTip - recentCommitCount,
 				distantCommitSpan);
 		return Math.max(next, recentCommitSpan);
 	}
 
 	PackWriterBitmapWalker newBitmapWalker() {
 		return new PackWriterBitmapWalker(
 				new ObjectWalk(reader), bitmapIndex, null);
 	}
 
 	/**
 	 * A commit object for which a bitmap index should be built.
 	 */
 	static final class BitmapCommit extends ObjectId {
 		private final boolean reuseWalker;
 		private final int flags;
 
 		BitmapCommit(AnyObjectId objectId, boolean reuseWalker, int flags) {
 			super(objectId);
 			this.reuseWalker = reuseWalker;
 			this.flags = flags;
 		}
 
 		boolean isReuseWalker() {
 			return reuseWalker;
 		}
 
 		int getFlags() {
 			return flags;
 		}
 	}
 
 	/**
 	 * A POJO representing a Pair<RevCommit, BitmapBuidler>.
 	 */
 	private static final class BitmapBuilderEntry {
 		private final RevCommit commit;
 		private final BitmapBuilder builder;
 
 		BitmapBuilderEntry(RevCommit commit, BitmapBuilder builder) {
 			this.commit = commit;
 			this.builder = builder;
 		}
 
 		RevCommit getCommit() {
 			return commit;
 		}
 
 		BitmapBuilder getBuilder() {
 			return builder;
 		}
 	}
 
 	/**
 	 * Container for state used in the first phase of selecting commits, which
 	 * walks all of the reachable commits via the branch tips (
 	 * {@code peeledWants}), stores them in {@code commitsByOldest}, and sets up
 	 * bitmaps for each branch tip ({@code tipCommitBitmaps}).
 	 * {@code commitsByOldest} is initialized with an expected size of all
 	 * commits, but may be smaller if some commits are unreachable, in which
 	 * case {@code commitStartPos} will contain a positive offset to the root
 	 * commit.
 	 */
 	private static final class CommitSelectionHelper implements Iterable<RevCommit> {
 		final Set<? extends ObjectId> peeledWants;
 		final List<BitmapBuilderEntry> tipCommitBitmaps;
 
 		final BitmapBuilder reusedCommitsBitmap;
 		final Iterable<BitmapCommit> reusedCommits;
 		final RevCommit[] commitsByOldest;
 		final int commitStartPos;
 
 		CommitSelectionHelper(Set<? extends ObjectId> peeledWant,
 				RevCommit[] commitsByOldest, int commitStartPos,
 				List<BitmapBuilderEntry> bitmapEntries,
 				BitmapBuilder reusedCommitsBitmap,
 				Iterable<BitmapCommit> reuse) {
 			this.peeledWants = peeledWant;
 			this.commitsByOldest = commitsByOldest;
 			this.commitStartPos = commitStartPos;
 			this.tipCommitBitmaps = bitmapEntries;
 			this.reusedCommitsBitmap = reusedCommitsBitmap;
 			this.reusedCommits = reuse;
 		}
 
 		public Iterator<RevCommit> iterator() {
 			// Member variables referenced by this iterator will have synthetic
 			// accessors generated for them if they are made private.
 			return new Iterator<RevCommit>() {
 				int pos = commitStartPos;
 
 				public boolean hasNext() {
 					return pos < commitsByOldest.length;
 				}
 
 				public RevCommit next() {
 					return commitsByOldest[pos++];
 				}
 
 				public void remove() {
 					throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
 				}
 			};
 		}
 
 		int getCommitCount() {
 			return commitsByOldest.length - commitStartPos;
 		}
 	}
 }